Turbulent Flames

   k-epsilon-g modeling with soot/radiation:

The k-e-g model is the most cost effective method to characterize turbulent flames.  These models are imbedded with radiation from soot particles so as to provide accurate estimates of the local temperatures and gas concentrations.

   DPF modeling - NOx:

The Discrete Probability Function (DPF) method is normally used to compute the total NO_X emission indices from combustors.  The DPF method is used to obtain NO_X after the local properties have been calculated using a standard flow solver such as Fluent of KIVA.

   Lagrangian simulation:

Lagrangian simulations are typically used to obtain structure information in spray flames.  The lagrangian simulations of the fuel drops within the spray are embedded over an underlying k-e-g calculation for the gas phase.

   Monte-Carlo simulation with PDF transport equation:

En’Urga Inc. will undertake Monte-Carlo calculations to simulate a wide variety of phenomena, including heat transfer, molecular flows, system dynamics, and financial forecasting. 



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